--- title: EIGRP Named Mode description: You’re studying your Cisco technologies, preparing to run the gauntlet of certification exams that stand between you and certifica --- [![Boson Software](https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/hubfs/boson_logo_sm_hs.jpg?width=124&height=60&name=boson_logo_sm_hs.jpg "Boson Software")](https://www.boson.com/) [![Learn More](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/70217/20bc961b-13d3-40fb-ae05-c538e2bb7c63.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/70217/20bc961b-13d3-40fb-ae05-c538e2bb7c63) # IT Certification and Training Blog ## [EIGRP Named Mode](https://blog.boson.com/bid/105129/eigrp-named-mode) ** Oct 1, 2014 9:11:00 AM / by [Kelson Lawrence](https://blog.boson.com/author/kelson-lawrence) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) By Thomas You’re studying your Cisco technologies, preparing to run the gauntlet of certification exams that stand between you and certification. You’re feeling pretty confident in your understanding of the requisite technologies and how they work. You’re particularly confident in your grasp of Cisco’s Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), but then somebody mentions something called EIGRP named mode configuration, or possibly even Named EIGRP, and suddenly you’re all like ZOINKS!?!? Although EIGRP named mode has been around in various degrees of implementation for a number of years, it wasn’t until the most recent incarnation of the [Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)](http://www.boson.com/certification/ccnp) curriculum that certification candidates need concern themselves with it. Now, every aspiring CCNP candidate is required to have at least a passing knowledge of EIGRP named mode and how it differs from classic EIGRP. Classic EIGRP, which is also referred to as EIGRP Autonomous System (AS) mode, is how most people think of EIGRP. A simple classic EIGRP configuration begins with the ever-familiar **router eigrp** *autonomous-system* command, where *autonomous-system* is a value between 1 and 65535. You can use the context-sensitive help functionality in IOS to confirm the command syntax as shown below:   R12.4(config)#router eigrp ?   <1-65535>  Autonomous system number   The output in the previous example is from a router running IOS 12.4. As you can see, this particular version of IOS supports EIGRP configuration only by using EIGRP AS mode. By contrast, the context-sensitive help on a router that supports Named EIGRP configuration provides slightly different output, as shown below:   R15.2(config)#router eigrp ?   <1-65535>  Autonomous System   WORD       EIGRP Virtual-Instance Name   The output above is from a router running IOS 15.2. As you can see, this particular IOS version has an additional parameter available for the **router eigrp** command. The *virtual-instance-name* parameter lets you identify an EIGRP process by its virtual instance name instead of its AS number. When you refer to the EIGRP process by name, you tell the router to enter Named EIGRP configuration mode. It is important to note that the virtual instance name is case sensitive. Whether a router supports named mode depends on the version of IOS that is running on the router. Even if the IOS version shows support for Named EIGRP, the implementation may be incomplete or may function only in an experimental capacity. It is generally a good idea to avoid using Named EIGRP unless you’re running a very recent IOS revision with solid Named EIGRP implementation, such as version 15.2 or later. Let’s continue our classic EIGRP example. Typically, after entering router configuration mode, the first thing you want to do is make sure that the EIGRP automatic summarization behavior is set to whatever you expect it to be. Cisco has been pretty inconsistent with the default behavior of this feature on various platforms over the years. Additionally, it is best practice to manually configure a setting so that the default behavior does not surprise you later. The **no auto-summary** command disables the automatic route summarization feature, which is typically the desired behavior. Next, use the **network** *ip-address [wildcard-mask]* command to specify one or more router interfaces that the EIGRP routing process should use to advertise and receive routing updates. For example, the following commands would disable automatic route summarization and enable EIGRP on an interface with the IP address 1.1.1.1 and the network mask of 255.255.255.0:   R12.4(config-router)#no auto-summary R12.4(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.255   You can use the context-sensitive help feature to see additional commands that are available in EIGRP router configuration mode:   R12.4(config-router)#? Router configuration commands:   address-family       Enter Address Family command mode   auto-summary         Enable automatic network number summarization   bfd                  BFD configuration commands   default              Set a command to its defaults   default-information  Control distribution of default information   default-metric       Set metric of redistributed routes   distance             Define an administrative distance   distribute-list      Filter networks in routing updates   eigrp                EIGRP specific commands   exit                 Exit from routing protocol configuration mode   help                 Description of the interactive help system   maximum-paths        Forward packets over multiple paths   metric               Modify EIGRP routing metrics and parameters   neighbor             Specify a neighbor router   network              Enable routing on an IP network   no                   Negate a command or set its defaults   offset-list          Add or subtract offset from RIP metrics   passive-interface    Suppress routing updates on an interface   redistribute         Redistribute information from another routing protocol   timers               Adjust routing timers   traffic-share        How to compute traffic share over alternate paths   variance             Control load balancing variance   As you can see, the EIGRP routing process offers quite a few configurable options. However, what if you wanted to adjust the Hello or hold timer intervals, or enable MD5 authentication? There don’t seem to be any commands in router configuration mode that let you achieve those tasks. Of course, if you’re familiar with classic EIGRP configurations, you well know that those options are all available in interface configuration mode. Thus you’ll need to leave router configuration mode and enter interface configuration mode to make those changes. Additionally, none of the interface configuration mode changes will be stored in the EIGRP section of the running configuration; instead, they’ll all be bunched up under the appropriate interface to which each respective command refers. This scattered configuration can make it difficult to view all of the EIGRP configuration parameters in the appropriate context, and that can quickly lead to configuration errors. Named EIGRP is Cisco’s attempt to improve the way you configure EIGRP. With Named EIGRP, all of the EIGRP routing process parameters reside in a single, hierarchical section of the running configuration. No longer are EIGRP commands scattered throughout the running configuration. Named EIGRP also provides consistency between the IPv4 and IPv6 EIGRP commands and their parameters. Let’s take a look at a simple Named EIGRP configuration:   router eigrp BOSON  !  address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 10   !   af-interface FastEthernet0/0.1    passive-interface   exit-af-interface   !   topology base    auto-summary   exit-af-topology   network 172.16.64.0 0.0.0.3   network 172.16.64.32 0.0.0.31  exit-address-family   The first thing you might notice in the output above is that the EIGRP process is assigned a name, *BOSON* in this case. As you will see, Named EIGRP enables you to configure both an IPv4 address family and an IPv6 address family under the same process (using different AS numbers, of course). In our example, an IPv4 address family is defined and associated with AS number 10. Within that address family are contained all of the parameters which affect the operation of the EIGRP for IPv4 process. In our example, we have foolishly enabled automatic route summarization, declared interface Fa0/0.1 as a passive interface, and enabled EIGRP on interfaces in the 172.16.64.0/30 and 172.16.64.32/27 network range. The equivalent classic EIGRP configuration would be as follows:   router eigrp 10  passive-interface FastEthernet0/0.1  network 172.16.64.0 0.0.0.3  network 172.16.64.32 0.0.0.31  auto-summary   At this point, you might be thinking “The classic EIGRP configuration is so much easier to grok, why would I use Named EIGRP at all?” The answer becomes more evident when we add additional configuration parameters. Let’s take authentication for example. The following output shows the Named EIGRP configuration modified to enable MD5 authentication on interface Fa0/0.2:   router eigrp BOSON  !  address-family ipv4 unicast autonomous-system 10   !   af-interface FastEthernet0/0.1    passive-interface   exit-af-interface   !   af-interface FastEthernet0/0.2    authentication mode md5    authentication key-chain SOMEKEY   exit-af-interface   !   topology base    auto-summary   exit-af-topology   network 172.16.64.0 0.0.0.3   network 172.16.64.32 0.0.0.31  exit-address-family   The equivalent classic EIGRP configuration would have the authentication commands clustered in the interface section of the running configuration, as shown in the following example:   ! interface FastEthernet0/0.2  encapsulation dot1Q 2  ip address 172.16.64.81 255.255.255.240  ip authentication mode eigrp 10 md5  ip authentication key-chain eigrp 10 SOMEKEY ! ! ! router eigrp 10  passive-interface FastEthernet0/0.1  network 172.16.64.0 0.0.0.3  network 172.16.64.32 0.0.0.31  auto-summary   I’ve done you the favor of snipping out the bits of the running configuration between the relevant interface section and the EIGRP section. You might notice that not only is the classic EIGRP authentication code clustered in a different section from the rest of the EIGRP configuration, the classic mode commands also contain potential mistake-enabling complexity. For example, the inclusion of the AS in the authentication commands is necessary for the router to tie the commands back to the appropriate routing process, but they can also be easily overlooked or misread when parsed by a human. As an EIGRP configuration grows more complex, the hierarchical structure of a Named EIGRP configuration makes the overall configuration easier to grok, even if it might seem more convoluted at first glance when using a simple configuration as an example. Now that you’ve had a rough comparison between a Named EIGRP configuration and a classic EIGRP configuration, let’s take a look at the basics of EIGRP named configuration mode. As you saw in a previous example, you can issue the **router eigrp** *virtual-name* command to enter EIGRP named configuration mode, where *virtual-name* is the name you want to assign to the routing process. On routers that support EIGRP named mode configurations, you will see the following output when using context-sensitive help:   R15.2(config)#router eigrp ?   <1-65535>  Autonomous System   WORD       EIGRP Virtual-Instance Name   Once you have entered EIGRP named configuration mode, you’ll see that the number of options you have available seem significantly fewer than those available in a classic EIGRP configuration. Context-sensitive help shows the following options:   R15.2(config-router)#? Router configuration commands:   address-family  Enter Address Family command mode   default         Set a command to its defaults   exit            Exit from routing protocol configuration mode   no              Negate a command or set its defaults   service-family  Enter Service Family command mode   shutdown        Shutdown this instance of EIGRP   Because EIGRP named mode uses a hierarchical command structure, the majority of commands that you might be accustomed to using in an EIGRP configuration are grouped into three main sections: address family configuration mode, address family interface configuration mode, and address family topology configuration mode. Let’s start with address family configuration mode. You can issue the **address-family** command to enter address family configuration mode. The syntax for the **address-family** command is **address-family **{** ipv4 **|** ipv6 **}** [multicast **|** unicast**] [ **vrf** *vrf-name* ] **autonomous-system** *autonomous-system-number*.  Once you’ve entered address family configuration mode, you’ll see a few more of the EIGRP parameters you might have been expecting in EIGRP router configuration mode:   R15.2(config-router-af)#? Address Family configuration commands:   af-interface         Enter Address Family interface configuration   default              Set a command to its defaults   eigrp                EIGRP Address Family specific commands   exit-address-family  Exit Address Family configuration mode   help                 Description of the interactive help system   maximum-prefix       Maximum number of prefixes acceptable in aggregate   metric               Modify metrics and parameters for address advertisement   neighbor             Specify an IPv4 neighbor router   network              Enable routing on an IP network   no                   Negate a command or set its defaults   shutdown             Shutdown address family   timers               Adjust peering based timers   topology             Topology configuration mode   The sample router output above is from the IPv4 address family we used as an example earlier in this post. The commands would be almost identical for an IPv6 address family, with the exception of the network command. In an IPv6 address family, EIGRP is enabled automatically for every IPv6 enabled interface. Therefore, the network command is not necessary (although the passive-interface command may suddenly have significantly greater importance =-). From within address family configuration mode, you can issue the **af-interface **{** default** | *interface-type interface-number* } command to access address family interface configuration mode. This mode enables you to configure interface specific EIGRP parameters, such as route summarization, split-horizon, or a passive interface. The following output shows the available commands in address family interface configuration mode:   R15.2(config-router-af-interface)#? Address Family Interfaces configuration commands:   authentication      authentication subcommands   bandwidth-percent   Set percentage of bandwidth percentage limit   bfd                 Enable Bidirectional Forwarding Detection   dampening-change    Percent interface metric must change to cause update   dampening-interval  Time in seconds to check interface metrics   default             Set a command to its defaults   exit-af-interface   Exit from Address Family Interface configuration mode   hello-interval      Configures hello interval   hold-time           Configures hold time   next-hop-self       Configures EIGRP next-hop-self   no                  Negate a command or set its defaults   passive-interface   Suppress address updates on an interface   shutdown            Disable Address-Family on interface   split-horizon       Perform split horizon   summary-address     Perform address summarization   Likewise, you can issue the **topology **{** base **| *topology-name* **tid** *number* } command from within address family configuration mode to access address family topology configuration mode. This mode enables you to configure topology specific EIGRP parameters such as redistribution, default information origination, load balancing, and metric (K-value) values.  The following output shows the available commands in address family topology configuration mode:   R15.2(config-router-af-topology)#? Address Family Topology configuration commands:   auto-summary         Enable automatic network number summarization   default              Set a command to its defaults   default-information  Control distribution of default information   default-metric       Set metric of redistributed routes   distance             Define an administrative distance   distribute-list      Filter entries in eigrp updates   eigrp                EIGRP specific commands   exit-af-topology     Exit from Address Family Topology configuration mode   fast-reroute         Configure Fast-Reroute   maximum-paths        Forward packets over multiple paths   metric               Modify metrics and parameters for advertisement   no                   Negate a command or set its defaults   offset-list          Add or subtract offset from EIGRP metrics   redistribute         Redistribute IPv4 routes from another routing protocol   snmp                 Modify snmp parameters   summary-metric       Specify summary to apply metric/filtering   timers               Adjust topology specific timers   traffic-share        How to compute traffic share over alternate paths   variance             Control load balancing variance   With these three modes, you should be able to configure an EIGRP named mode implementation just as smoothly as you might have once implemented a classic EIGRP configuration. In fact, you might find it even easier to configure than a class configuration because now all of the EIGRP commands you might need for your implementation are grouped in an easy to grok, hierarchical fashion. To make things even easier, Cisco provides a utility, the **eigrp upgrade-cli** command, which automagically converts classic EIGRP configurations into Named EIGRP configurations with a single command and without an interruption in service. Naturally, this convenient command is not available on all versions of IOS, much like Named EIGRP itself is not available on all versions of IOS. However, if you happen to be running IOS version 15.4 or higher, you might want to give the conversion utility a glance and see how well it can parse your existing classic EIGRP configuration into a shiny new EIGRP named mode configuration.   Studying for a [Cisco certification](http://www.boson.com/certification/cisco) exam? Try our NetSim and Practice Exam demos! [![Try Our Demos](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/70217/4f7d48b2-900f-491b-a043-2c780da7464e.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/70217/4f7d48b2-900f-491b-a043-2c780da7464e) Topics: [Autonomous System mode](https://blog.boson.com/topic/autonomous-system-mode), [EIGRP Named Mode](https://blog.boson.com/topic/eigrp-named-mode) #### Written by [Kelson Lawrence](https://blog.boson.com/author/kelson-lawrence) ### Subscribe to Email Updates Search this blog Search - Recent - Popular - Categories ### Lists by Topic - [CCNA (16)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccna) - [Microsoft (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft) - [NetSim (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/netsim) - [Windows 7 (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-7) - [tips and tricks (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tips-and-tricks) - [CCNP (13)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccnp) - [Cisco (12)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco) - [Cisco Network Simulator (12)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-network-simulator) - 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[CCSP (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccsp) - [CISA (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisa) - [Cisco Certified Specialist (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-certified-specialist) - [HSRP (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hsrp) - [IPv6 (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6) - [Microsoft Azure (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft-azure) - [Microsoft Azure Administrator (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft-azure-administrator) - [Network Security (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-security) - [SWITCH (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/switch) - [VRRP (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vrrp) - [ccna exam questions (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccna-exam-questions) - [ccnp class (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccnp-class) - [certification practice exams (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/certification-practice-exams) - [exam simulation (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-simulation) - [labs (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/labs) - [practice exam (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/practice-exam) - [technology (3)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/technology) - [(isc)2 (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/isc2) - [Azure Labs (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/azure-labs) - [Boson Exam Environment (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/boson-exam-environment) - [CCNA Voice (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccna-voice) - [CISSP CAT (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cissp-cat) - [CISSP practice questions (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cissp-practice-questions) - [Cisco Labs (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-labs) - [CompTIA A+ (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-a) - [Customizing NetSim (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/customizing-netsim) - [DHCPv6 (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcpv6) - [Device Access Modes (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/device-access-modes) - [Employee Spotlight (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/employee-spotlight) - [Encrypting File System (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/encrypting-file-system) - [GLBP (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/glbp) - [How to Prepare for a Certification Exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/how-to-prepare-for-a-certification-exam) - [Microsoft Exams (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft-exams) - [Network Simulator Customization (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-simulator-customization) - [Project Management Professional (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/project-management-professional) - [ROUTE (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/route) - [ROUTE exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/route-exam) - [SWITCH exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/switch-exam) - [TSHOOT exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-exam) - [The Transport Layer (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-transport-layer) - [WF (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wf) - [Windows Firewall (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-firewall) - [braindumps (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/braindumps) - [certification exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/certification-exam) - [driver letters (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/driver-letters) - [exam simulations (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-simulations) - [exam tips (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-tips) - [passing certification exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/passing-certification-exam) - [router (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router) - [router protocols (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router-protocols) - [simulation (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/simulation) - [subnetting (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting) - [tips (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tips) - [what to expect before the exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-to-expect-before-the-exam) - [.NET Quest Part V (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/net-quest-part-v) - [2.8.5. EFS – Part 3 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/2-8-5-efs-–-part-3) - [220-1101 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/220-1101) - [220-1102 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/220-1102) - [32-bit Processing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/32-bit-processing) - [64-bit Processing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/64-bit-processing) - [802.11 Standards (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/802-11-standards) - [ACL basics (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/acl-basics) - [ACL labs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/acl-labs) - [ARP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/arp) - [Address Classes (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/address-classes) - [Address Resolution Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/address-resolution-protocol) - [Announcements (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/announcements) - [Anycast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/anycast) - [AppLocker (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/applocker) - [Autonomous System mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/autonomous-system-mode) - [Binary Math (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/binary-math) - [Boson Training (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/boson-training) - [CCIE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccie) - [CDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cdp) - [CDP Prerequisites and Restrictions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cdp-prerequisites-and-restrictions) - [CEH (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ceh) - [CIDR Notation (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cidr-notation) - [CLF-C02 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/clf-c02) - [Cisco Discovery Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-discovery-protocol) - [Cisco Global Learning Partner Awards (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-global-learning-partner-awards) - [Cisco Live (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-live) - [Class B Subnetting (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/class-b-subnetting) - [DHCP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp) - [DHCP Relay Agent (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp-relay-agent) - [DHCP leases (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp-leases) - [DHCP pool (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp-pool) - [DRA (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dra) - [Default Domain Policy Group (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/default-domain-policy-group) - [Defending Your Console (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/defending-your-console) - [Dual Boot (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dual-boot) - [EFS Part 1 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/efs-part-1) - [EIGRP Named Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/eigrp-named-mode) - [Eigrp graceful shutdown (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/eigrp-graceful-shutdown) - [Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/enhanced-interior-gateway-routing-protocol) - [Fast Subnetting (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fast-subnetting) - [GNS3 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/gns3) - [GPO (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/gpo) - [Global Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/global-configuration-mode) - [Guide to DHCP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/guide-to-dhcp) - [ICMP Port Numbers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icmp-port-numbers) - [ICND1 Revisions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icnd1-revisions) - [ICND2 Revision (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icnd2-revision) - [ICOMM (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icomm) - [IP Addressing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ip-addressing) - [IPv4 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv4) - [IPv6 Triple Point Address Space (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-triple-point-address-space) - [IPv6 addressing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-addressing) - [IPv6 addressing shorthand (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-addressing-shorthand) - [IPvs SLAAC (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipvs-slaac) - [ISACA (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/isaca) - [InPrivate Browsing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/inprivate-browsing) - [Installing Boson Software on a BootCamp Partition (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/installing-boson-software-on-a-bootcamp-partition) - [Installing Boson in VMware Fusion (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/installing-boson-in-vmware-fusion) - [Inter-Layer and Intra-Layer Communication (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/inter-layer-and-intra-layer-communication) - [Interface Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/interface-configuration-mode) - [Interior Gateway Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/interior-gateway-protocol) - [Internet Explorer Security Features (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/internet-explorer-security-features) - [LAN (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lan) - [LANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lans) - [Lab Compiler (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lab-compiler) - [Line Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/line-configuration-mode) - [Local Unicast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-unicast) - [Local area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-area-networks) - [MANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mans) - [MCSA (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mcsa) - [MCSE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mcse) - [Mac (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mac) - [Master Router (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/master-router) - [Metropolitan area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/metropolitan-area-networks) - [Miscellaneous Windows 7 Features (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/miscellaneous-windows-7-features) - [Multicast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/multicast) - [NAT (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/nat) - [NTFS (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ntfs) - [Network Administrators guide (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-administrators-guide) - [Network Time Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-time-protocol) - [Network+ (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network) - [Network+ practice questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-practice-questions) - [Networking Basics (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/networking-basics) - [Networks and Topologies (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/networks-and-topologies) - [Noting OSPF Area IDs in Dotted Decimal Format (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/noting-ospf-area-ids-in-dotted-decimal-format) - [OSI network model (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/osi-network-model) - [OSPF Router ID (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ospf-router-id) - [OSPF Router IDs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ospf-router-ids) - [PANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pans) - [PAT (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pat) - [PHR (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/phr) - [Perils of Default (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/perils-of-default) - [Personal area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/personal-area-networks) - [Policy object (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/policy-object) - [Router Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router-configuration-mode) - [SSD (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ssd) - [SSDs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ssds) - [Safety menu (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/safety-menu) - [Seven Layers of Networking Part 2 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/seven-layers-of-networking-part-2) - [Subnetting Demystified (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting-demystified) - [Subnetting How To (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting-how-to) - [Syslog (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/syslog) - [TSHOOT Tree (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-tree) - [TSHOOT trouble tickets (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-trouble-tickets) - [The Application Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-application-layer) - [The Data Link Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-data-link-layer) - [The ISO OSI Reference Model (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-iso-osi-reference-model) - [The Internet Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-internet-layer) - [The Network Access Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-network-access-layer) - [The Network Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-network-layer) - [The Physical Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-physical-layer) - [The Seven Layers of Networking – Part III (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-seven-layers-of-networking-–-part-iii) - [Two-Factor Authentication (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/two-factor-authentication) - [UDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/udp) - [User Datagram Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/user-datagram-protocol) - [Using ImageX (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/using-imagex) - [VLAN (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vlan) - [VPN vs GRE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vpn-vs-gre) - [Virtualization (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/virtualization) - [WANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wans) - [What is ARP? (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-is-arp) - [What to Expect During the Exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-to-expect-during-the-exam) - [Why Subnet? (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/why-subnet) - [Wi-Fi printer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wi-fi-printer) - [Wide area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wide-area-networks) - [WinPE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/winpe) - [Windows Virtual PC (VPC) (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-virtual-pc-vpc) - [Windows XP Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-xp-mode) - [Wine (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wine) - [XPM (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/xpm) - [access attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/access-attacks) - [activating ccna curriculum (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/activating-ccna-curriculum) - [activating digital CCNA Courseware (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/activating-digital-ccna-courseware) - [active attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/active-attacks) - [addresses (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/addresses) - [administrative threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/administrative-threats) - [answers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/answers) - [anyconnect essentials (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/anyconnect-essentials) - [application layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/application-layer) - [assess (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/assess) - [authoring a practice exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/authoring-a-practice-exam) - [aws (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/aws) - [backup (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/backup) - [bad questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bad-questions) - [block edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/block-edge-traversal) - [botnet traffic filter (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/botnet-traffic-filter) - [bottom up (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bottom-up) - [case study (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study) - [case study root port selection (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study-root-port-selection) - [cheating (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cheating) - [clear line command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/clear-line-command) - [close-in attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/close-in-attacks) - [compare IPv4 and IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-and-ipv6) - [compare IPv4 to IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-to-ipv6) - [composition (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/composition) - [comptia network+ practice tests (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-network-practice-tests) - [comptia security+ (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-security) - [configuration (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuration) - [configuring CDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuring-cdp) - [courseware (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/courseware) - [custom image deployment (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/custom-image-deployment) - [custom practice exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/custom-practice-exam) - [debug command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-command) - [debug eigrp packets hello (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-eigrp-packets-hello) - [debug ip packet (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-ip-packet) - [default cisco hardware settings (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/default-cisco-hardware-settings) - [deny (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/deny) - [didn't pass (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/didnt-pass) - [differences between VPN and GRE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/differences-between-vpn-and-gre) - [direct route (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/direct-route) - [distribution attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/distribution-attacks) - [divide and conquer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/divide-and-conquer) - [documentation (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/documentation) - [dual stacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dual-stacks) - [dysfunctinoal access control lists (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dysfunctinoal-access-control-lists) - [edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/edge-traversal) - [electrical threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/electrical-threats) - [encapsulation within layers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/encapsulation-within-layers) - [environmental threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/environmental-threats) - [etherchannel (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/etherchannel) - [event logs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/event-logs) - [exam engines (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-engines) - [failed certification exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/failed-certification-exam) - [fast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fast) - [fastethernet (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fastethernet) - [file encryption key (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/file-encryption-key) - [frame relay (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/frame-relay) - [good questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/good-questions) - [graceful shutdown (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/graceful-shutdown) - [guide (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/guide) - [hardware threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hardware-threats) - [hexidecimal values (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hexidecimal-values) - [hiring (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hiring) - [hosts (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hosts) - [how CDP works (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/how-cdp-works) - [igp (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/igp) - 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