--- title: Using Debug to Rid Your Network Configuration of Pests description: Like many other people who live in houses, I have a contract with a pest control company. Now and then, someone arrives at my door wearing a crisp un image: https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/hub/70217/file-1813521483.jpg --- [![Boson Software](https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/hubfs/boson_logo_sm_hs.jpg?width=124&height=60&name=boson_logo_sm_hs.jpg "Boson Software")](https://www.boson.com/) [![Learn More](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/70217/20bc961b-13d3-40fb-ae05-c538e2bb7c63.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/70217/20bc961b-13d3-40fb-ae05-c538e2bb7c63) # IT Certification and Training Blog ## [Using Debug to Rid Your Network Configuration of Pests](https://blog.boson.com/bid/105203/using-debug-to-rid-your-network-configuration-of-pests) ** Oct 7, 2014 8:38:00 AM / by [Kelson Lawrence](https://blog.boson.com/author/kelson-lawrence) - [Tweet](https://twitter.com/share) By James Hanback Like many other people who live in houses, I have a contract with a pest control company. Now and then, someone arrives at my door wearing a crisp uniform and carrying a giant canister full of some kind of magical chemical concoction. This pest controller uses a long wand that is attached to the canister to conjure up a magic invisible shield that prevents six- or eight- or hundred-legged creatures from invading my space. I know the pest control service is working and worth it when I am not confronted by any tiny crawling, flying, or undulating critters. Thus the debugger who visits my house every now and again does so because I *don’t* want to see any evidence of bugs in my living space. Debugging in the networking world works a bit differently. If you enable debugging in Cisco IOS, it’s because you are specifically looking for the cause of a problem. In other words, you *want* to see the bugs. Fortunately for you, there’s the handy Cisco IOS **debug** command, which exists primarily to overwhelm you with more information than you can ever possibly parse or understand about nearly every aspect of an IOS configuration. I’m kidding, of course. But have you ever attempted to follow the trail of context-sensitive help for the **debug** command? It’ll take about 10 screens just to list all the secondary keywords that are available immediately following the command, let alone the tertiary and higher levels. ![describe the image](https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/hub/70217/file-1813521483.jpg?width=279&height=258&name=file-1813521483.jpg)Nevertheless, the **debug** command is invaluable when you’re experiencing issues that are not necessarily easy to diagnose by examining a running configuration or by examining the output of the **show** commands that are related to the technology you’re attempting to troubleshoot. This is because the **debug** command allows you to examine output in real-time, as the device is attempting to send or receive traffic, rather than relying on the somewhat static output that is presented in **show** commands. Of course, there’s a caveat. It is recommended that you use **debug** commands on a production network *only* if you have been instructed to do so by someone at the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC). This is because debugging can be a significant resource drain on your hardware, your scrolling finger, and your eyesight. Like the chemical the household pest controller sprays, you should typically use the **debug** command sparingly and only when appropriate. Imagine that you handle Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) administration on Router1 while another administrator manages Router2 at a remote location. Now imagine that the Router2 admin adds a new network to the Router2 EIGRP configuration and decides that the new network should not be advertised to Router1. Foolishly, the Router2 admin issues the EIGRP **passive-interface **command for the interface that connects Router2 to Router1. Because EIGRP passive interfaces block both inbound and outbound advertisements, the immediate result is a broken neighbor relationship between the two EIGRP routers. If you happened to be monitoring the console of Router1 at the time, your first indication that something is wrong might be a Syslog message similar to the following: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 10: Neighbor 192.168.51.50 (FastEthernet0/0) is down: Interface PEER-TERMINATION received At that point you might just call up the Router2 admin and ask a pertinent question or two. But what if the other administrator was working at an off time? What if you didn’t even notice that there was a problem until the following morning, when users arrived at work and started sending support tickets your way? (Of course, we’re assuming that you did not have the foresight to implement any kind of system monitoring that would alert you as soon as a problem is detected.) In that case, you might have entirely missed the console message. And because the **passive-interface** command was issued on the remote router, not the router you administer, the **show ip protocols** command will turn up zilch in the way of hints. Nor will the **show ip eigrp topology**, the **show ip eigrp neighbors**, and the **show ip eigrp interfaces** commands be of any help (except to inform you that no neighbor relationship exists between Router1 and Router2, which is important information but does not indicate where the cause of the failure lies). Pretty much all you can do with **show **commands at this point is verify that the configuration on Router1 has not changed since you last examined it and ensure that the interface connected to Router2 is in the up state. You can also reliably rule out some common adjacency problems simply by noting the absence of certain console messages. For example, you can be fairly certain that K value mismatches are not causing the adjacency failure in this case because there are no repeating K value mismatch errors on the console (or in the error logs, if you use a Syslog server). If K values were the problem, you might see repeating messages on Router1 similar to the following: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: EIGRP-IPv4 10: Neighbor 192.168.51.50 (FastEthernet0/0) is down: K-value mismatch So you know the interface and line protocol are up. You know that the EIGRP configuration on Router1 has not changed. And you’re fairly certain that there’s no K-value mismatch between the routers. That narrows down the possible causes of the adjacency failure quite a bit. The next thing you might do is verify that the neighbor router is actually still alive. After all, an interface in the up state does not necessarily mean that the device on the other end is responsive. So you might issue a **show cdp neighbors** or at least a **ping** command to verify that Router2 is still there. In this case, let’s assume that you have determined that it is. Now that you’ve exhausted all your ideas, it’s time to wave the magic wand and issue the **debug eigrp packets hello** command because you—you smart cookie, you—also know that in order for two routers to establish an EIGRP adjacency, they must be able to exchange Hello packets. The **debug eigrp packets hello** command allows you to watch the sending and receiving of EIGRP Hello packets in real-time. Therefore, you should be able to see whether Router1 is actually receiving EIGRP Hello packets from Router2. An EIGRP router that has successfully formed a relationship with its neighbor will display **debug eigrp packets hello** command output similar to the following: *Sep 22 10:47:28.415: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Fa0/0 - paklen 30 *Sep 22 10:47:28.415:   AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 0/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 *Sep 22 10:47:28.519: EIGRP: Received HELLO on Fa0/0 - paklen 30 nbr 192.168.51.50 *Sep 22 10:47:28.519:   AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 0/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 peerQ un/rely 0/0 Notice that the first line of the output indicates that Router1 is sending an EIGRP Hello packet through the FastEthernet 0/0 interface. The second line indicates that the packet was sent in Autonomous System (AS) 10. The third line indicates that the router has received a Hello packet on the FastEthernet 0/0 interface from a neighbor that has a router ID of 192.168.51.50. The last line indicates that the packet was received in AS 10. By contrast, an EIGRP router that is connected to a neighbor that has been incorrectly configured with the **passive-interface** command would produce the following output from the **debug eigrp packets hello** command: *Sep 22 10:50:14.983: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Fa0/0 - paklen 20 *Sep 22 10:50:14.987:   AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 0/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 Router1# *Sep 22 10:50:19.891: EIGRP: Sending HELLO on Fa0/0 - paklen 20 *Sep 22 10:50:19.895:   AS 10, Flags 0x0:(NULL), Seq 0/0 interfaceQ 0/0 iidbQ un/rely 0/0 See the difference? Instead of a series of alternating sent and received Hellos over the FastEthernet 0/0 interface, you see only that Router1 is attempting to send Hello packets out its FastEthernet 0/0 interface. When the **passive-interface** command is configured for an EIGRP process, both inbound and outbound Hello packets are blocked on the passive interface. Router1 is unable to establish an adjacency with Router2 because Router2 is not receiving Hello packets that are being sent from Router1 *and* Router2 is not sending Hello packets to Router1. It’s important to point out that the sample output above assumes that EIGRP is configured on a single router interface. In reality, you might see the successful receipt of Hello packets on other interfaces among the debug output. Therefore, it’s important to pay attention to *all* the information in a line of output, not just whether it’s a send or receive. Also, this particular example does not precisely reveal that the cause of the problem is the **passive-interface** command. You would see the same output if Router2’s administrator had foolishly modified the AS number for the EIGRP process on the Router2 side or if the network command on Router2 had been modified so that the EIGRP process was no longer operating in the same subnet as Router1. Of course, there are other ways of detecting those issues as well, such as the EIGRP log message IP-EIGRP: Neighbor *ip address* not on common subnet for *interface*. Let’s assume you looked for and didn’t see that particular message in this scenario. So now you can rest assured that the problem is most likely on the remote side of the connection. Thus you can call up the Router2 administrator and commence with a chewing out in earnest. Naturally, the level of success you have with the Cisco IOS **debug** command depends on the value of the information available in the output and your understanding of the technology you are troubleshooting. For example, you could *technically* detect or eliminate the possibility of an AS mismatch by examining the output of the **debug ip packet** command. However, the informing output from that command can be difficult to isolate and decipher. An actual AS mismatch might be easier to detect by using a third-party network troubleshooting tool such as Wireshark. In this case, the **debug eigrp packets hello** command gives you just enough information to determine that you need to place a call to the remote administrator. Not every scenario will reveal that much information. Others will reveal much, much more. At this point, I should double up on the reminder that, when wielding the mighty power of the **debug** command, you might put a significant drain on the device’s CPU, which in turn could negatively affect the performance of your network. As soon as you have what you need from debugging, you should disable it. For example, in this scenario you would want to issue the **no debug eigrp packets hello** command or the **no debug all** command (which turns off all debugging processes at once) as soon as you think you’ve gathered the information you need from the output. Although you can disable debugging in pieces, it’s far more efficient and more effective to issue the **no debug all** command as soon as your output requirements are met. Even after you disable debugging, you might continue to see the device belch output at you until the debugging buffer is clear and there’s nothing more to produce. By issuing the **no debug all **command, you can feel relatively safe that any additional debugging output you see is buffer-related and not because you forgot to disable a specific **debug** command. Also remember that if the **show** commands had revealed a problem on Router1 at the outset, such as a shutdown interface, you most likely wouldn’t need to issue the **debug eigrp packets hello** command at all. Therefore, you should not rely on **debug** commands as your first level of troubleshooting. The power of the **debug** command is mighty, indeed. Wielded properly, you’ll be able to shine a bright light on any creepy crawlers that might be hiding in your network configuration. Unlike in your living space, you want to be able to see the bugs in your network configuration. If you can’t see them, you can’t squish them.   [![Download NetSim 10 - Try Demo Lab](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/70217/79c2e2a1-d5db-4f7a-bcae-fe6417d2243c.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/70217/79c2e2a1-d5db-4f7a-bcae-fe6417d2243c) Topics: [debug command](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-command), [passive-interface](https://blog.boson.com/topic/passive-interface), [debug eigrp packets hello](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-eigrp-packets-hello), [show cdp neighbors](https://blog.boson.com/topic/show-cdp-neighbors) #### Written by [Kelson Lawrence](https://blog.boson.com/author/kelson-lawrence) ### Subscribe to Email Updates Search this blog Search - Recent - Popular - Categories ### Lists by Topic - [CCNA (16)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccna) - [Microsoft (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft) - [NetSim (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/netsim) - [Windows 7 (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-7) - [tips and tricks (15)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tips-and-tricks) - 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[GLBP (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/glbp) - [How to Prepare for a Certification Exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/how-to-prepare-for-a-certification-exam) - [Microsoft Exams (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft-exams) - [Network Simulator Customization (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-simulator-customization) - [Project Management Professional (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/project-management-professional) - [ROUTE (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/route) - [ROUTE exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/route-exam) - [SWITCH exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/switch-exam) - [TSHOOT exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-exam) - [The Transport Layer (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-transport-layer) - [WF (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wf) - [Windows Firewall (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-firewall) - [braindumps (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/braindumps) - [certification exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/certification-exam) - [driver letters (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/driver-letters) - [exam simulations (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-simulations) - [exam tips (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-tips) - [passing certification exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/passing-certification-exam) - [router (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router) - [router protocols (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router-protocols) - [simulation (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/simulation) - [subnetting (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting) - [tips (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tips) - [what to expect before the exam (2)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-to-expect-before-the-exam) - [.NET Quest Part V (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/net-quest-part-v) - [2.8.5. EFS – Part 3 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/2-8-5-efs-–-part-3) - [220-1101 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/220-1101) - [220-1102 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/220-1102) - [32-bit Processing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/32-bit-processing) - [64-bit Processing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/64-bit-processing) - [802.11 Standards (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/802-11-standards) - [ACL basics (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/acl-basics) - [ACL labs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/acl-labs) - [ARP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/arp) - [Address Classes (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/address-classes) - [Address Resolution Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/address-resolution-protocol) - [Announcements (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/announcements) - [Anycast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/anycast) - [AppLocker (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/applocker) - [Autonomous System mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/autonomous-system-mode) - [Binary Math (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/binary-math) - [Boson Training (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/boson-training) - [CCIE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ccie) - [CDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cdp) - [CDP Prerequisites and Restrictions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cdp-prerequisites-and-restrictions) - [CEH (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ceh) - [CIDR Notation (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cidr-notation) - [CLF-C02 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/clf-c02) - [Cisco Discovery Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-discovery-protocol) - [Cisco Global Learning Partner Awards (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-global-learning-partner-awards) - [Cisco Live (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-live) - [Class B Subnetting (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/class-b-subnetting) - [DHCP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp) - [DHCP Relay Agent (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp-relay-agent) - [DHCP leases (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp-leases) - [DHCP pool (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dhcp-pool) - [DRA (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dra) - [Default Domain Policy Group (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/default-domain-policy-group) - [Defending Your Console (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/defending-your-console) - [Dual Boot (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dual-boot) - [EFS Part 1 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/efs-part-1) - [EIGRP Named Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/eigrp-named-mode) - [Eigrp graceful shutdown (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/eigrp-graceful-shutdown) - [Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/enhanced-interior-gateway-routing-protocol) - [Fast Subnetting (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fast-subnetting) - [GNS3 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/gns3) - [GPO (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/gpo) - [Global Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/global-configuration-mode) - [Guide to DHCP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/guide-to-dhcp) - [ICMP Port Numbers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icmp-port-numbers) - [ICND1 Revisions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icnd1-revisions) - [ICND2 Revision (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icnd2-revision) - [ICOMM (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icomm) - [IP Addressing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ip-addressing) - [IPv4 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv4) - [IPv6 Triple Point Address Space (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-triple-point-address-space) - [IPv6 addressing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-addressing) - [IPv6 addressing shorthand (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-addressing-shorthand) - [IPvs SLAAC (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipvs-slaac) - [ISACA (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/isaca) - [InPrivate Browsing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/inprivate-browsing) - [Installing Boson Software on a BootCamp Partition (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/installing-boson-software-on-a-bootcamp-partition) - [Installing Boson in VMware Fusion (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/installing-boson-in-vmware-fusion) - [Inter-Layer and Intra-Layer Communication (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/inter-layer-and-intra-layer-communication) - [Interface Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/interface-configuration-mode) - [Interior Gateway Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/interior-gateway-protocol) - [Internet Explorer Security Features (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/internet-explorer-security-features) - [LAN (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lan) - [LANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lans) - [Lab Compiler (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lab-compiler) - [Line Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/line-configuration-mode) - [Local Unicast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-unicast) - [Local area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-area-networks) - [MANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mans) - [MCSA (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mcsa) - [MCSE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mcse) - [Mac (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mac) - [Master Router (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/master-router) - [Metropolitan area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/metropolitan-area-networks) - [Miscellaneous Windows 7 Features (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/miscellaneous-windows-7-features) - [Multicast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/multicast) - [NAT (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/nat) - [NTFS (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ntfs) - [Network Administrators guide (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-administrators-guide) - [Network Time Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-time-protocol) - [Network+ (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network) - [Network+ practice questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-practice-questions) - [Networking Basics (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/networking-basics) - [Networks and Topologies (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/networks-and-topologies) - [Noting OSPF Area IDs in Dotted Decimal Format (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/noting-ospf-area-ids-in-dotted-decimal-format) - [OSI network model (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/osi-network-model) - [OSPF Router ID (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ospf-router-id) - [OSPF Router IDs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ospf-router-ids) - [PANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pans) - [PAT (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pat) - [PHR (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/phr) - [Perils of Default (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/perils-of-default) - [Personal area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/personal-area-networks) - [Policy object (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/policy-object) - [Router Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router-configuration-mode) - [SSD (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ssd) - [SSDs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ssds) - [Safety menu (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/safety-menu) - [Seven Layers of Networking Part 2 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/seven-layers-of-networking-part-2) - [Subnetting Demystified (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting-demystified) - [Subnetting How To (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting-how-to) - [Syslog (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/syslog) - [TSHOOT Tree (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-tree) - [TSHOOT trouble tickets (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-trouble-tickets) - [The Application Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-application-layer) - [The Data Link Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-data-link-layer) - [The ISO OSI Reference Model (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-iso-osi-reference-model) - [The Internet Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-internet-layer) - [The Network Access Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-network-access-layer) - [The Network Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-network-layer) - [The Physical Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-physical-layer) - [The Seven Layers of Networking – Part III (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-seven-layers-of-networking-–-part-iii) - [Two-Factor Authentication (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/two-factor-authentication) - [UDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/udp) - [User Datagram Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/user-datagram-protocol) - [Using ImageX (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/using-imagex) - [VLAN (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vlan) - [VPN vs GRE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vpn-vs-gre) - [Virtualization (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/virtualization) - [WANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wans) - [What is ARP? (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-is-arp) - [What to Expect During the Exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-to-expect-during-the-exam) - [Why Subnet? (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/why-subnet) - [Wi-Fi printer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wi-fi-printer) - [Wide area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wide-area-networks) - [WinPE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/winpe) - [Windows Virtual PC (VPC) (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-virtual-pc-vpc) - [Windows XP Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-xp-mode) - [Wine (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wine) - [XPM (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/xpm) - [access attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/access-attacks) - [activating ccna curriculum (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/activating-ccna-curriculum) - [activating digital CCNA Courseware (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/activating-digital-ccna-courseware) - [active attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/active-attacks) - [addresses (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/addresses) - [administrative threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/administrative-threats) - [answers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/answers) - [anyconnect essentials (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/anyconnect-essentials) - [application layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/application-layer) - [assess (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/assess) - [authoring a practice exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/authoring-a-practice-exam) - [aws (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/aws) - [backup (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/backup) - [bad questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bad-questions) - [block edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/block-edge-traversal) - [botnet traffic filter (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/botnet-traffic-filter) - [bottom up (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bottom-up) - [case study (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study) - [case study root port selection (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study-root-port-selection) - [cheating (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cheating) - [clear line command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/clear-line-command) - [close-in attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/close-in-attacks) - [compare IPv4 and IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-and-ipv6) - [compare IPv4 to IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-to-ipv6) - [composition (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/composition) - [comptia network+ practice tests (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-network-practice-tests) - [comptia security+ (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-security) - [configuration (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuration) - [configuring CDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuring-cdp) - [courseware (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/courseware) - [custom image deployment (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/custom-image-deployment) - [custom practice exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/custom-practice-exam) - [debug command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-command) - [debug eigrp packets hello (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-eigrp-packets-hello) - [debug ip packet (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-ip-packet) - [default cisco hardware settings (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/default-cisco-hardware-settings) - [deny (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/deny) - [didn't pass (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/didnt-pass) - [differences between VPN and GRE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/differences-between-vpn-and-gre) - [direct route (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/direct-route) - [distribution attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/distribution-attacks) - [divide and conquer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/divide-and-conquer) - [documentation (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/documentation) - [dual stacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dual-stacks) - [dysfunctinoal access control lists (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dysfunctinoal-access-control-lists) - [edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/edge-traversal) - [electrical threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/electrical-threats) - [encapsulation within layers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/encapsulation-within-layers) - [environmental threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/environmental-threats) - [etherchannel (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/etherchannel) - [event logs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/event-logs) - [exam engines (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-engines) - [failed certification exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/failed-certification-exam) - [fast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fast) - [fastethernet (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fastethernet) - [file encryption key (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/file-encryption-key) - [frame relay (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/frame-relay) - [good questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/good-questions) - [graceful shutdown (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/graceful-shutdown) - [guide (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/guide) - [hardware threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hardware-threats) - [hexidecimal values (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hexidecimal-values) - [hiring (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hiring) - [hosts (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hosts) - [how CDP works (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/how-cdp-works) - [igp (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/igp) - [immobility (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/immobility) - [implicit deny rule (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/implicit-deny-rule) - [insider attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/insider-attacks) - [interviewing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/interviewing) - [introduction to etherchannel (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/introduction-to-etherchannel) - [ipv6 unicast-routing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-unicast-routing) - [it-training (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/it-training) - [javelin reader (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/javelin-reader) - [lab instructions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lab-instructions) - [load drivers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/load-drivers) - [local area network (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-area-network) - [local printer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-printer) - [logging console command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/logging-console-command) - [microsoft certifications (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft-certifications) - [money back guarantee (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/money-back-guarantee) - [multi-device configs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/multi-device-configs) - [multi-monitor support (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/multi-monitor-support) - [native boot (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/native-boot) - [netflow (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/netflow) - [netmap (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/netmap) - [part 2 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/part-2) - [passive attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/passive-attacks) - [passive-interface (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/passive-interface) - [password recovery techniques (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/password-recovery-techniques) - [permit (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/permit) - [physical threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/physical-threats) - [pirates (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pirates) - [policies (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/policies) - [practice exam author (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/practice-exam-author) - 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