---
title: CDP Basics – Intro to the Cisco Discovery Protocol
description: As a newly hired network administrator, your duties involve improvement and maintenance of a large campus network. You’ve been given credentials to l
image: https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/file-20535853-jpg/images/what-is-cdp-figure-1.jpg
---

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# IT Certification and Training Blog

## [CDP Basics – Intro to the Cisco Discovery Protocol](https://blog.boson.com/bid/86666/cdp-basics-intro-to-the-cisco-discovery-protocol)

** Feb 13, 2013 12:32:00 PM / by [Kelson Lawrence](https://blog.boson.com/author/kelson-lawrence)

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By Steven Bassi

 As a newly hired network administrator, your duties involve improvement and maintenance of a large campus network. You’ve been given credentials to log on to all devices, but you’ve received no documentation on how the devices are physically connected. So your first task is to document the network topology. How do you get from this:  
 

![Undocumented Network](https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/file-20535853-jpg/images/what-is-cdp-figure-1.jpg)[figure 1 – undocumented network]

 

 

To this?

▼

![Documented network](https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/file-20536012-jpg/images/what-is-cisco-discovery-protocol.jpg)  [figure 2 – documented network]

 

The Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is designed to help tackle such a problem. Physically inspecting devices to document a network is often inefficient and impractical. With CDP, you can use a few **show** commands to quickly view information about directly connected devices. Depending on the type of device and version of IOS, you can view information such as the host name, the local and remote ports, and the device platform.

Let’s run through the example above to illustrate the commands you would use to document devices and connected interfaces. From the privileged exec mode on P2R3, if you execute the command **show cdp neighbors**, you might see something like this:

 

P2R3#show cdp neighbors  
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge  
S -Switch, H - Host, i - IGMP, r - Repeater  
Device ID    Local Intrfce   Holdtme  Capability Platform Port ID  
Switch2       Fas0/0     176      T S   3550   Fas 0/2

[figure 3 – **show cdp neighbors** ouptut]

From the output, you can see that P2R3 is connected to port Fa0/2 on a 3550 switch. Using this information, you can expand your documentation:  
 

![expanding network documentation](https://blog.boson.com/hs-fs/file-20536270-jpg/images/what-is-cdp-figure-3.jpg)[figure 4 – expanding network documentation]

By continuing this process on each discovered device, you can document the entire network.

## How Does CDP Work?

A simple way of describing how CDP works is that each device that is running CDP will send out announcements on each of its connected interfaces; each of these announcements includes basic information about the device and the interface. Devices that receive CDP announcements will process them and hold on to them for a specified amount of time. CDP announcements are sent to a multicast address, and because CDP is a Layer 2 protocol, none of these packets are routed.

## Configuring CDP

Typically, CDP announcements are sent every 60 seconds, but you can verify the frequency by using the **show cdp interface** command.

P2R3#show cdp interface  
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up  
encapsulation ARPA  
Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds  
Holdtime is 180 seconds

[figure 5 – **show cdp interface** output]

You can change the frequency of announcements by using the **cdp timer** *seconds* command from global configuration mode.

You’ll notice in figure 5 that the holdtime value is 180 seconds. This value is the amount of time that the device will hold on to the CDP packet before discarding it. So, if you disconnect a neighboring device, the CDP information will still show until the holdtime has expired. You can change the holdtime value by using the **cdp holdtime** *seconds* command from global configuration mode.

CDP can be enabled or disabled globally on the device, or per interface. If you want to disable CDP for a device, you should use the command **no cdp run** from global configuration mode. To disable CDP per interface, use the **no cdp enable** command from interface configuration mode. Figure 6 illustrates disabling and enabling CDP globally on P2R3 and on a single interface, FastEthernet 0/0:

P2R3(config)#no cdp run  
P2R3(config)#cdp run  
P2R3(config)#interface fa0/0  
P2R3(config-if)#no cdp enable  
P2R3(config-if)#cdp enable

[figure 6 – disable/enable CDP globally or per interface]

 

## CDP Prerequisites and Restrictions

There are some prerequisites and restrictions to using CDP. Because this is a Cisco-proprietary protocol, you may run into problems if your network uses devices from other vendors. CDP isn’t supported on Frame Relay multipoint interfaces, nor will it work on any interfaces that don’t support Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) headers.

By using the information gathered by CDP in conjunction with commands such as **show ip interface brief**, you can document the host names, connected interfaces, and IP addresses in your network.

 

 

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 Topics: [CDP](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cdp), [configuring CDP](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuring-cdp), [Cisco Discovery Protocol](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cisco-discovery-protocol), [how CDP works](https://blog.boson.com/topic/how-cdp-works), [CDP Prerequisites and Restrictions](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cdp-prerequisites-and-restrictions)

#### Written by [Kelson Lawrence](https://blog.boson.com/author/kelson-lawrence)

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- [active attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/active-attacks)
- [addresses (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/addresses)
- [administrative threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/administrative-threats)
- [answers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/answers)
- [anyconnect essentials (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/anyconnect-essentials)
- [application layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/application-layer)
- [assess (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/assess)
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- [aws (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/aws)
- [backup (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/backup)
- [bad questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bad-questions)
- [block edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/block-edge-traversal)
- [botnet traffic filter (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/botnet-traffic-filter)
- [bottom up (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bottom-up)
- [case study (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study)
- [case study root port selection (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study-root-port-selection)
- [cheating (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cheating)
- [clear line command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/clear-line-command)
- [close-in attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/close-in-attacks)
- [compare IPv4 and IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-and-ipv6)
- [compare IPv4 to IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-to-ipv6)
- [composition (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/composition)
- [comptia network+ practice tests (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-network-practice-tests)
- [comptia security+ (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-security)
- [configuration (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuration)
- [configuring CDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuring-cdp)
- [courseware (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/courseware)
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- [custom practice exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/custom-practice-exam)
- [debug command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-command)
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- [deny (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/deny)
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- [differences between VPN and GRE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/differences-between-vpn-and-gre)
- [direct route (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/direct-route)
- [distribution attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/distribution-attacks)
- [divide and conquer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/divide-and-conquer)
- [documentation (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/documentation)
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- [dysfunctinoal access control lists (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dysfunctinoal-access-control-lists)
- [edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/edge-traversal)
- [electrical threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/electrical-threats)
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- [environmental threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/environmental-threats)
- [etherchannel (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/etherchannel)
- [event logs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/event-logs)
- [exam engines (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-engines)
- [failed certification exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/failed-certification-exam)
- [fast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fast)
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- [file encryption key (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/file-encryption-key)
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- [hexidecimal values (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hexidecimal-values)
- [hiring (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hiring)
- [hosts (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hosts)
- [how CDP works (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/how-cdp-works)
- [igp (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/igp)
- [immobility (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/immobility)
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- [netmap (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/netmap)
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- [password recovery techniques (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/password-recovery-techniques)
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- [questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/questions)
- [quick reference (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/quick-reference)
- [reconnaissance attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/reconnaissance-attacks)
- [redundancy (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/redundancy)
- [repair (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/repair)
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- [subnets (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnets)
- [switches (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/switches)
- [syntax access-list (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/syntax-access-list)
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- [topology (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/topology)
- [troubleshooting techniques (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/troubleshooting-techniques)
- [tunneling (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tunneling)
- [undebug all command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/undebug-all-command)
- [update (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/update)
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- [ICND2 Revision (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/icnd2-revision)
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- [Interface Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/interface-configuration-mode)
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- [LAN (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lan)
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- [MANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mans)
- [MCSA (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mcsa)
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- [Mac (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/mac)
- [Master Router (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/master-router)
- [Metropolitan area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/metropolitan-area-networks)
- [Miscellaneous Windows 7 Features (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/miscellaneous-windows-7-features)
- [Multicast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/multicast)
- [NAT (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/nat)
- [NTFS (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ntfs)
- [Network Administrators guide (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-administrators-guide)
- [Network Time Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network-time-protocol)
- [Network+ (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/network)
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- [Networking Basics (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/networking-basics)
- [Networks and Topologies (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/networks-and-topologies)
- [Noting OSPF Area IDs in Dotted Decimal Format (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/noting-ospf-area-ids-in-dotted-decimal-format)
- [OSI network model (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/osi-network-model)
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- [OSPF Router IDs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ospf-router-ids)
- [PANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pans)
- [PAT (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pat)
- [PHR (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/phr)
- [Perils of Default (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/perils-of-default)
- [Personal area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/personal-area-networks)
- [Policy object (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/policy-object)
- [Router Configuration Mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router-configuration-mode)
- [SSD (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ssd)
- [SSDs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ssds)
- [Safety menu (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/safety-menu)
- [Seven Layers of Networking Part 2 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/seven-layers-of-networking-part-2)
- [Subnetting Demystified (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting-demystified)
- [Subnetting How To (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnetting-how-to)
- [Syslog (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/syslog)
- [TSHOOT Tree (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-tree)
- [TSHOOT trouble tickets (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tshoot-trouble-tickets)
- [The Application Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-application-layer)
- [The Data Link Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-data-link-layer)
- [The ISO OSI Reference Model (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-iso-osi-reference-model)
- [The Internet Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-internet-layer)
- [The Network Access Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-network-access-layer)
- [The Network Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-network-layer)
- [The Physical Layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-physical-layer)
- [The Seven Layers of Networking – Part III (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/the-seven-layers-of-networking-–-part-iii)
- [Two-Factor Authentication (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/two-factor-authentication)
- [UDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/udp)
- [User Datagram Protocol (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/user-datagram-protocol)
- [Using ImageX (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/using-imagex)
- [VLAN (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vlan)
- [VPN vs GRE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vpn-vs-gre)
- [Virtualization (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/virtualization)
- [WANs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wans)
- [What is ARP? (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-is-arp)
- [What to Expect During the Exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/what-to-expect-during-the-exam)
- [Why Subnet? (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/why-subnet)
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- [Wide area networks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wide-area-networks)
- [WinPE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/winpe)
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- [Wine (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wine)
- [XPM (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/xpm)
- [access attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/access-attacks)
- [activating ccna curriculum (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/activating-ccna-curriculum)
- [activating digital CCNA Courseware (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/activating-digital-ccna-courseware)
- [active attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/active-attacks)
- [addresses (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/addresses)
- [administrative threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/administrative-threats)
- [answers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/answers)
- [anyconnect essentials (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/anyconnect-essentials)
- [application layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/application-layer)
- [assess (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/assess)
- [authoring a practice exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/authoring-a-practice-exam)
- [aws (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/aws)
- [backup (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/backup)
- [bad questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bad-questions)
- [block edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/block-edge-traversal)
- [botnet traffic filter (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/botnet-traffic-filter)
- [bottom up (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/bottom-up)
- [case study (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study)
- [case study root port selection (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/case-study-root-port-selection)
- [cheating (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/cheating)
- [clear line command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/clear-line-command)
- [close-in attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/close-in-attacks)
- [compare IPv4 and IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-and-ipv6)
- [compare IPv4 to IPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/compare-ipv4-to-ipv6)
- [composition (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/composition)
- [comptia network+ practice tests (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-network-practice-tests)
- [comptia security+ (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/comptia-security)
- [configuration (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuration)
- [configuring CDP (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/configuring-cdp)
- [courseware (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/courseware)
- [custom image deployment (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/custom-image-deployment)
- [custom practice exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/custom-practice-exam)
- [debug command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-command)
- [debug eigrp packets hello (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-eigrp-packets-hello)
- [debug ip packet (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/debug-ip-packet)
- [default cisco hardware settings (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/default-cisco-hardware-settings)
- [deny (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/deny)
- [didn't pass (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/didnt-pass)
- [differences between VPN and GRE (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/differences-between-vpn-and-gre)
- [direct route (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/direct-route)
- [distribution attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/distribution-attacks)
- [divide and conquer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/divide-and-conquer)
- [documentation (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/documentation)
- [dual stacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dual-stacks)
- [dysfunctinoal access control lists (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/dysfunctinoal-access-control-lists)
- [edge traversal (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/edge-traversal)
- [electrical threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/electrical-threats)
- [encapsulation within layers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/encapsulation-within-layers)
- [environmental threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/environmental-threats)
- [etherchannel (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/etherchannel)
- [event logs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/event-logs)
- [exam engines (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/exam-engines)
- [failed certification exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/failed-certification-exam)
- [fast (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fast)
- [fastethernet (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/fastethernet)
- [file encryption key (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/file-encryption-key)
- [frame relay (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/frame-relay)
- [good questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/good-questions)
- [graceful shutdown (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/graceful-shutdown)
- [guide (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/guide)
- [hardware threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hardware-threats)
- [hexidecimal values (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hexidecimal-values)
- [hiring (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hiring)
- [hosts (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/hosts)
- [how CDP works (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/how-cdp-works)
- [igp (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/igp)
- [immobility (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/immobility)
- [implicit deny rule (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/implicit-deny-rule)
- [insider attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/insider-attacks)
- [interviewing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/interviewing)
- [introduction to etherchannel (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/introduction-to-etherchannel)
- [ipv6 unicast-routing (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/ipv6-unicast-routing)
- [it-training (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/it-training)
- [javelin reader (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/javelin-reader)
- [lab instructions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/lab-instructions)
- [load drivers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/load-drivers)
- [local area network (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-area-network)
- [local printer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/local-printer)
- [logging console command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/logging-console-command)
- [microsoft certifications (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/microsoft-certifications)
- [money back guarantee (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/money-back-guarantee)
- [multi-device configs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/multi-device-configs)
- [multi-monitor support (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/multi-monitor-support)
- [native boot (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/native-boot)
- [netflow (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/netflow)
- [netmap (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/netmap)
- [part 2 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/part-2)
- [passive attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/passive-attacks)
- [passive-interface (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/passive-interface)
- [password recovery techniques (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/password-recovery-techniques)
- [permit (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/permit)
- [physical threats (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/physical-threats)
- [pirates (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/pirates)
- [policies (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/policies)
- [practice exam author (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/practice-exam-author)
- [practice question (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/practice-question)
- [presentation layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/presentation-layer)
- [preventing accidental loops (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/preventing-accidental-loops)
- [printer issues (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/printer-issues)
- [privileged EXEC mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/privileged-exec-mode)
- [programs and services (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/programs-and-services)
- [proofreading (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/proofreading)
- [protocols and ports (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/protocols-and-ports)
- [punishment (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/punishment)
- [quality (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/quality)
- [questions (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/questions)
- [quick reference (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/quick-reference)
- [reconnaissance attacks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/reconnaissance-attacks)
- [redundancy (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/redundancy)
- [repair (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/repair)
- [retake exam (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/retake-exam)
- [root port selection (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/root-port-selection)
- [router configuration (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/router-configuration)
- [routers (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/routers)
- [save money (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/save-money)
- [scope (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/scope)
- [separate windows (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/separate-windows)
- [serial connections (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/serial-connections)
- [session layer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/session-layer)
- [seven layers of networking (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/seven-layers-of-networking)
- [shorthand (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/shorthand)
- [show cdp neighbors (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/show-cdp-neighbors)
- [show logging (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/show-logging)
- [show users command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/show-users-command)
- [slow network (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/slow-network)
- [social engineering (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/social-engineering)
- [solid-state drive (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/solid-state-drive)
- [standard ACLs (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/standard-acls)
- [stare and compare (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/stare-and-compare)
- [stateful DHCPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/stateful-dhcpv6)
- [stateless DHCPv6 (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/stateless-dhcpv6)
- [strong passwords (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/strong-passwords)
- [style guide (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/style-guide)
- [subinterfaces (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subinterfaces)
- [subnet calculator (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnet-calculator)
- [subnets (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/subnets)
- [switches (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/switches)
- [syntax access-list (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/syntax-access-list)
- [taking certification exams (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/taking-certification-exams)
- [terminal monitor (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/terminal-monitor)
- [timer (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/timer)
- [top down (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/top-down)
- [topology (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/topology)
- [troubleshooting techniques (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/troubleshooting-techniques)
- [tunneling (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/tunneling)
- [undebug all command (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/undebug-all-command)
- [update (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/update)
- [user EXEC mode (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/user-exec-mode)
- [virtual hard disks (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/virtual-hard-disks)
- [virtual lab (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/virtual-lab)
- [virtual local area network (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/virtual-local-area-network)
- [vista (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/vista)
- [windows (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows)
- [windows 7 activation (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/windows-7-activation)
- [wireless networking (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wireless-networking)
- [wireless standards (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/wireless-standards)
- [writing articles (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/writing-articles)
- [writing tips (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/writing-tips)
- [zombie attack (1)](https://blog.boson.com/topic/zombie-attack)

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